Request for Comments

 

If you have produced a human-competitive result using genetic programming, please check to see if your result is included in the table below (and that the citation is accurate).  Please send comments to koza at human-competitive dot org

 

Thank you.

 

Year

Authors

Title

Human-Competitive Prize Awarded (if any)

Patent (if any)

Reference

1994

John R. Koza

Creation of algorithm for the transmembrane segment identification problem for proteins

 

 

 

[302], [303], and [304]

 

Sections 18.8 and 18.10 [8]

1995

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, David Andre, and Martin A. Keane

Creation of motifs that detect the D–E–A–D box family of proteins and the manganese superoxide dismutase family

 

 

 

{321] and section 59.8 of [10]

 

1996

David Andre, Forrest H Bennett III, and John R. Koza

Creation of a cellular automata rule for the majority classification problem that is better than the Gacs-Kurdyumov-Levin (GKL) rule and all other known rules written by humans at the time

 

 

 

[34] and section 58.4 of [10]

 

1996

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, David Andre, and Martin A. Keane

Rediscovery  of the Campbell ladder topology for lowpass and highpass filters

 

1917 U.S. patent 1,227,113 by George Campbell

[305]. [306], Section 25.15.1 of [10], and section 5.2 of [13]

1996

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, David Andre, and Martin A. Keane

Automatic decomposition of the problem of synthesizing a crossover filter

 

1925 U.S. patent 1,538,964 by Otto Julius Zobel

[25u] and Section 32.3 of [10]

1996

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, David Andre, and Martin A. Keane

Rediscovery of a recognizable voltage gain stage and a Darlington emitter-follower section of an amplifier and other circuits

 

1953 U.S. 2,663,806 patent by Sidney Darlington

[25s] and

Section 42.3 of [10]

1996

John R. Koza, David Andre, Forrest H Bennett III, and Martin A. Keane

Automatic synthesis of 60 dB and 96 dB amplifiers

 

Numerous patents

[307], [308], and Section 45.3 of [10]

1996

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, David Andre, and Martin A. Keane

Automatic synthesis of asymmetric bandpass filter

 

 

[25u]

1997

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, David Andre, and Martin A. Keane

Creation of a sorting network for seven items using only 16 steps

 

 

1962 U.S. 3,029,413 patent by Daniel G. O’Connor and Raymond J. Nelson

[323], [324]. [325], and Sections 21.4.4, 23.6, and 57.8.1 of [10]

1997

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, David Andre, and Martin A. Keane

Automatic synthesis of a real-time analog circuit for time-optimal control of a robot

 

 

[309] Section --- of [10]

1997

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, Martin A. Keane, and David Andre

Automatic synthesis of analog computational circuits for  squaring, cubing, square root, cube root, logarithm, and Gaussian functions

 

Numerous patents

[322] and Section 47.5.3 of [10]

1998

Lee Spector, Howard Barnum, and Herbert J. Bernstein

Creation of a better-than-classical quantum algorithm for the Deutsch-Jozsa “early promise” problem

 

 

 

[29]

1998

Lee Spector, Howard Barnum, and Herbert J. Bernstein

Creation of a better-than-classical quantum algorithm for Grover’s database search problem

 

 

 

[30]

1998

Sean Luke

Creation of a soccer-playing program that won its first two games in the Robo Cup 1997 competition

 

 

 

[32]

1999

David Andre and Astro Teller

Creation of a soccer-playing program that ranked in the middle of the field of 34 human-written programs in the Robo Cup 1998 competition

 

 

 

[33]

1999

Lee Spector, Howard Barnum, and Herbert J. Bernstein, and N. Swamy

Creation of a quantum algorithm for the depth-two AND/OR query problem that is better than any previously published result

 

 

 

[31]

[31a]

1999

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, David Andre, and Martin A. Keane

Creation of four different algorithms for the transmembrane segment identification problem for proteins

 

 

 

sections 16.5 and 17.2 of [10]

1999

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, David Andre, and Martin A. Keane

Rediscovery  of “M-derived half section” and “constant K” filter sections

 

1925 U.S. patent 1,538,964 by Otto Julius Zobel

Section 25.15.3 of [10]

1999

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, David Andre, and Martin A. Keane

Rediscovery  of the Cauer (elliptic) topology for filters

 

1934 and 1936 U.S. patents 1,958,742 and 1,989,545 by Wilhelm Cauer

Section 27.3.7 of [10]

1999

Forrest H Bennett III, John R. Koza, Martin A. Keane, Jessen Yu, William Mydlowec, and Oscar Stiffelman

Automatic synthesis of digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit

 

 

[131]

1999

Forrest H Bennett III, John R. Koza, Martin A. Keane, Jessen Yu, William Mydlowec, and Oscar Stiffelman

Automatic synthesis of analog-to-digital (ADC) circuit

 

 

[131]

1999

Forrest H Bennett III, John R. Koza, Martin A. Keane, Jessen Yu, William Mydlowec, and Oscar Stiffelman

Automatic synthesis of a NAND circuit

 

1971 U.S. 3,560,760 patent by David H. Chung and Bill H. Terrell

[131] and

Section 4.4 of [13]

1999

Forrest H Bennett III and John R. Koza,

Automatic synthesis of topology, sizing, placement, and routing of analog electrical circuits

 

 

[132]

1999

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, Martin A. Keane, Jessen Yu, William Mydlowec, and Oscar Stiffelman

Automatic synthesis of analog circuit equivalent to Philbrick circuit

 

1956 U.S. 2,730,679 patent by George Philbrick

Section 4.3 of [13]

 

[133]

1999

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, David Andre, and Martin A. Keane

Automatic synthesis of an electronic thermometer

 

Numerous patents

Section 49.3 of [10]

1999

John R. Koza, Forrest H Bennett III, David Andre, and Martin A. Keane

Automatic synthesis of a voltage reference circuit

 

Numerous patents

Section 50.3 of [10]

2000

John R. Koza, Martin A.Keane, Yu, Jessen, Forrest H Bennett III, and William Mydlowec

Automatic synthesis of PID (proportional, integrative, and derivative) controller

 

1939 U.S. 2,175,985 patent by Albert Callender and Allan Stevenson

[319] and Section 9.2 of [13]

2000

John R. Koza, Martin A.Keane, Yu, Jessen, Forrest H Bennett III, and William Mydlowec

Automatic synthesis of a PID-D2 (second derivative) type of controller

 

1942 U.S. patent 2,282,726 by Harry Jones

[319] and Section 9.2 of [13]

2000

Howard Barnum, Herbert J. Bernstein, and Lee Spector

Creation of a quantum algorithm for the depth-one OR query problem that is better than any previously published result

 

 

 

[31a]

2002

Martin A. Keane, John R. Koza, and Matthew J. Streeter

Creation of PID tuning rules that outperform the Ziegler-Nichols and Åström-Hägglund tuning rules

 

 

2005 U.S. Patent 6,847,851 by Martin A. Keane, John R. Koza, and Matthew J. Streeter

[46], [326], and Chapter 12 of [13]

2002

Martin A. Keane, John R. Koza, and Matthew J. Streeter

Creation of three non-PID controllers that outperform a PID controller using the Ziegler-Nichols or Åström-Hägglund tuning rules

 

 

 

Chapter 13 of [13] and [46]

2002

Matthew J. Streeter, Martin A. Keane, and John R. Koza

Cubic function generator

 

2000 U.S. 6,160,427 patent by Stefano Cipriani and Anthony A. Takeshian

Section 15.4.5 of [13] and [317]

2002

Matthew J. Streeter, Martin A. Keane, and John R. Koza

Mixed analog-digital variable capacitor circuit

 

2000 U.S.,013,958 patent by Turgut Sefket Aytur

Section 15.4.2 of [13] and [317]

2002

Matthew J. Streeter, Martin A. Keane, and John R. Koza

Voltage-current conversion circuit

 

2000 U.S. 6,166,529 patent by Akira Ikeuchi and Naoshi Tokuda

Section 15.4.4 of [13] and [317]

2002

Matthew J. Streeter, Martin A. Keane, and John R. Koza

Low-voltage balun circuit

 

2001 U.S. 6,265,908 patent by Sang Gug Lee

Section 15.4.1 of [13] and [317]

2002

Matthew J. Streeter, Martin A. Keane, and John R. Koza

High-current load circuit

 

2001 U.S. 6,211,726 patent by Timothy Daun-Lindberg and Michael Miller

Section 15.4.3 of [13] and [317]

2003

John R. Koza, Martin A. Keane, Matthew J. Streeter, William Mydlowec, Jessen Yu, and Guido Lanza

Tunable integrated active filter

 

2001 U.S. 6,225,859 patent by Robert Irvine and Bernd Kolb

Section 15.4.6 of [13]

2003

Lee Spector and Herbert J. Bernstein

Creation of a protocol for communicating information through a quantum gate that was previously thought not to permit such communication

 

 

 

[31b]

2003

Lee Spector and Herbert J. Bernstein

Creation of a novel variant of quantum dense coding

 

 

 

[31b]

2003

John R. Koza, Martin A. Keane, Matthew J. Streeter, William Mydlowec, Jessen Yu, and Guido Lanza

Negative feedback

 

1937 U.S. patents 2,102,670 and 2,102,671 by Harold S. Black

Chapter 14 of [13]

2004

Jason D. Lohn, Gregory S. Hornby, and Derek S. Linden

 

An Evolved Antenna for Deployment on NASA’s Space Technology 5 Mission

Gold

 

[27], [311]

2004

Lee Spector

 

Automatic Quantum Computer Programming: A Genetic Programming Approach

Gold

 

[28]

2004

Alex Fukunaga

 

Evolving Local Search Heuristics for SAT Using Genetic Programming

 

Automated discovery of composite SAT variable-selection heuristics

 

Silver

 

[100]

 

[101]

2004

Hod Lipson

 

Mechanical system composed of rigid members for drawing a straight line

 

How to Draw a Straight Line Using a GP: Benchmarking Evolutionary Design Against 19th Century Kinematic Synthesis

Silver

1841 Great Britain patent 6258 by Robert Willis

Hod Lipson [320]

 

[313]

2004

Bijan KHosraviani, Raymond E. Levitt, and John R. Koza

 

Organization Design Optimization Using Genetic Programming

Silver

 

[102]

2004

Brian Lam

 

Discovery of Human-Competitive Image Texture Feature Programs Using Genetic programming

Merit

 

[105]

2004

Lukas Sekanina

Novel image filters implemented in hardware

 

Merit

 

[104]

2005

Stefan Preble

Hod Lipson

Michal Lipson

Two-dimensional photonic crystals designed by evolutionary algorithms

APL05-Preble-Paper.pdf

Gold

 

[106]

2005

John Koza

Sameer Al-Sakran

Lee Jones

Telescope eyepiece

 

Automated Re-Invention of Six Patented Optical Lens Systems using Genetic Programming

 

Silver

1940 U.S. patent 2,206,195 by Albert Konig

John Koza

Sameer Al-Sakran

Lee Jones [34a] and [314]

2005

John Koza

Sameer Al-Sakran

Lee Jones

Telescope eyepiece system

Silver

1958 U.S. patent 2,829,560 by Robert B. Tackaberry and Robert M. Muller

John Koza

Sameer Al-Sakran

Lee Jones [34a] and [314]

2005

John Koza

Sameer Al-Sakran

Lee Jones

Eyepiece for optical instruments

Silver

1953 U.S. 2,637,245 by Maximillian Ludewig

John Koza

Sameer Al-Sakran

Lee Jones [34a] and [314]

2005

John Koza

Sameer Al-Sakran

Lee Jones

Wide angle eyepiece

Silver

1968 U.S. 3,390,935 patent by Wright H Scidmore

John Koza

Sameer Al-Sakran

Lee Jones [34a] and [314]

2005

John Koza

Sameer Al-Sakran

Lee Jones

Wide angle eyepiece

Silver

1985 U.S. 4,525,035 patent by Albert Nagler

John Koza

Sameer Al-Sakran

Lee Jones [34a] and [314]

2005

John Koza

Sameer Al-Sakran

Lee Jones

Telescope eyepiece

Silver

2000 U.S. 6,069,750 patent by Noboru Koizumi and Naomi Watanabe

John Koza

Sameer Al-Sakran

Lee Jones [34a] and [314]

2005

Paul Massey

John A Clark

Susan Stepney 

Evolution of a Human-Competitive Quantum Fourier Transform Algorithm Using Genetic Programming

Silver

 

[107]

2005

Fulvio Corno

Edgar Ernesto Sanchez Sanchez

Giovanni Squillero 

Evolving Assembly Programs: How Games Help Microprocessor Validation

Silver

 

[108]

2005

Moshe Sipper

Yaniv Azaria

Ami Hauptman

Yoanatan Shichel

Eran Ziserman

 

Attaining Human-Competitive Game Playing with Genetic Programming

Sipper-IEEE-TSMC.pdf

 

GP-Gammon: Using Genetic Programming to Evolve Backgammon Players

Sipper-GP-Gammon-Final.pdf

 

GP-Gammon: Genetically Programming Backgammon Players

Sipper-GP-Gammon-Draft.pdf

 

 

Bronze

 

[109], [110],

[113]

2005

Moshe Sipper

Yaniv Azaria

Ami Hauptman

Yoanatan Shichel

Eran Ziserman

 

GP-EndChess: Using Genetic Programming to Evolve Chess Endgame

Sipper-GP-End-Chess.pdf

 

 

Bronze

 

[109], [112],

2005

Moshe Sipper

Yaniv Azaria

Ami Hauptman

Yoanatan Shichel

Eran Ziserman

 

GP-Robocode: Using Genetic Programming to Evolve Robocode Players

Sipper-Euro-GP-Robocode.pdf

 

 

Bronze

 

[109],

[111]

2005

Joc Cing Tay

Nhu Binh Ho

Evolving Dispatching Rules for Solving the Flexible Job-Shop Problem

 

Honorable Mention

 

[115]

2005

Daniel Howard

Joseph Kolibal

Solution of differential equations with Genetic Programming and the Stochastic Bernstein Interpolation

Honorable Mention

 

[114]

2005

Maarten Keijzer

Martin Baptist

Vladan Babovic

Javier Uthurburu

Determining Equations for Vegetation Induced Resistance using Genetic Programming

 

Modelling Floodplain Biogeomorphology Resistance using Genetic Programming

Honorable Mention

 

[116]

 

[117]

2005

John R. Koza, Martin A. Keane,  Matthew J. Streeter, and Thomas Adams

Sallen-Key filter

 

 

[301]

2006

Gustavo Olague

Leonardo Trujillo

 

Using Evolution to Learn How to Perform Interest Point Detection

Synthesis of Interest Point Detectors Through Genetic Programming

 

Bronze

 

[118]

 

[119]

2007

Ami Hauptman

Moshe Sipper

Evolution of an Efficient Search Algorithm for the Mate-In-N Problem in Chess

 

Hauptman-Paper.pdf

Silver

 

[127]

2007

Ronan Cummins

Colm O'Riordan

Evolving local and global weighting schemes in Information Retrieval

Cummins-JIR-2006.pdf

 

An analysis of the Solution Space for Genetically Programmed Term-Weighting Schemes in Information Retrieval

Cummins-AICS-2006.pdf

 

Term-Weighting in Information Retrieval using Genetic Programming: A Three-Stage Process

Cummins-ECAI-2006.pdf

Honorable mention

 

[128]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[129]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[130]

2007

Muhammad Adil Raja

Raja Muhammad Atif Azad

Colin Flanagan

Conor Ryan

Real-Time, Non-Intrusive Evaluation of VoIP

Honorable mention

 

[126]

2007

Josh Bongard

Hod Lipson

Automated Reverse Engineering of nonlinear Dynamical Systems  

 

 

[201]

2007

Amr Radi

Salah Yaseen El-Bakry

Mostafa Y. El-Bakry

Genetic programming approach for electron-alkali-metal atom collisions

 

Prediction of Non Linear System in Optics Using Genetic Programming

 

Genetic programming approach for flow of steady state fluid between two eccentric spheres

 

 

[205], [206], [207]

2008

Lee Spector, David M. Clark, Ian Lindsay, Bradford Barr, Jon Klein

Genetic Programming for Finite Algebras

 

Spector-PAPER.pdf

 

Gold

 

[120]

2008

Lee Spector and Jon Klein

Automatic synthesis of quantum computing circuit for the two-oracle AND/OR problem

 

 

[315]

2008

Ralf Stadelhofer, Wolfgang Banzhaf, and Dieter Suter

Automatic synthesis of quantum computing algorithms for the parity problem a special case

of the hidden subgroup problem

 

 

[316]

2008

 

Automatic synthesis of mechanical vibration absorbers

 

1911 U.S. 989,958 patent by H. Frahm

[311]

2009

Stephanie Forrest, Claire Le Goues, ThanhVu Nguyen, and Westley Weimer

Automatically finding patches using genetic programming

A Genetic Programming Approach to Automated Software Repair

Gold

 

[121]

 

[122]

2009

Ami Hauptpman

Achiya Elyasaf

Moshe Sipper

Assaf Karmon

 

GP-Rush: Using Genetic Programming to Evolve Solvers for the Rush Hour Puzzle

Bronze

 

[123]

2009

Cynthia B. Perez

Gustavo Olague

 

Learning Invariant Region Descriptor Operators with Genetic Programming and the F-measure

Evolutionary Learning of Local Descriptor Operators for Object Recognition

Bronze

 

[124]

 

[125]

2009

P. Balasubramaniam, and A. Vincent Antony Kumar.

Solution of matrix Riccati differential equation for nonlinear singular system using genetic programming

 

 

[202]

2009

Michael Schmidt and Hod Lipson

Distilling Free-Form Natural Laws from Experimental Data

 

 

[203], [204]

 

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[25n] Koza, John R. 1993. Discovery of rewrite rules in Lindenmayer systems and state transition rules in cellular automata via genetic programming. Symposium on Pattern Formation (SPF–93), Claremont, California. February 13, 1993.

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