ÿþ<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 14"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 14"> <link rel=File-List href="cfe2007_files/filelist.xml"> <link rel=Edit-Time-Data href="cfe2007_files/editdata.mso"> <!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--> <title>Genetic Programming IV: Routine Human-Competitive Machine Intelligence</title> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PersonName"/> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>John Koza</o:Author> <o:Template>J4-C</o:Template> <o:LastAuthor>John Koza</o:LastAuthor> <o:Revision>2</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>125</o:TotalTime> <o:LastPrinted>2003-04-21T15:29:00Z</o:LastPrinted> <o:Created>2011-10-22T20:15:00Z</o:Created> <o:LastSaved>2011-10-22T20:15:00Z</o:LastSaved> <o:Pages>3</o:Pages> <o:Words>2781</o:Words> <o:Characters>15858</o:Characters> <o:Company>Third Millennium Online Products</o:Company> <o:Lines>132</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>37</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>18602</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>14.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--> <link rel=themeData href="cfe2007_files/themedata.thmx"> <link rel=colorSchemeMapping href="cfe2007_files/colorschememapping.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:Zoom>80</w:Zoom> <w:SpellingState>Clean</w:SpellingState> <w:GrammarState>Clean</w:GrammarState> <w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="&#45;-"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="99" Name="No List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="99" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="99" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:1; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Tahoma; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520081665 -1073717157 41 0 66047 0;} @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711039 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:Consolas; panose-1:2 11 6 9 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:modern; mso-font-pitch:fixed; mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073806591 9 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} h1 {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 1 Char"; mso-style-next:"Normal after major heading"; margin-top:4.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.3in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:-.3in; mso-line-height-alt:3.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan lines-together; mso-outline-level:1; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list .3in left .75in; font-size:24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning:0pt; font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;} h2 {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 2 Char"; mso-style-next:"Normal after major heading"; margin-top:12.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:.4in; text-align:justify; text-indent:-.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:2; mso-list:l0 level2 lfo2; tab-stops:list .4in 1.0in; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;} h3 {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 3 Char"; mso-style-next:"Normal after major heading"; margin-top:12.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:.6in; text-align:justify; text-indent:-.6in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:3; mso-list:l0 level3 lfo2; tab-stops:list .75in 1.5in; font-size:14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;} h4 {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 4 Char"; mso-style-next:"Normal after major heading"; margin-top:12.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:.6in; text-align:justify; text-indent:-.6in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:4; mso-list:l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops:list .6in 2.0in; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;} h5 {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 5 Char"; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:12.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:.7in; text-align:justify; text-indent:-.7in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:5; mso-list:l0 level5 lfo2; tab-stops:list 1.0in left 225.0pt; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;} h6 {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 6 Char"; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:12.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:.8in; text-align:justify; text-indent:-.8in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:6; mso-list:l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops:list 1.5in left 225.0pt; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; font-weight:normal; font-style:italic; mso-bidi-font-style:normal;} p.MsoHeading7, li.MsoHeading7, div.MsoHeading7 {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 7 Char"; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:12.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:.9in; text-align:justify; text-indent:-.9in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:7; mso-list:l0 level7 lfo2; tab-stops:list .9in left 225.0pt list 3.5in; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoHeading8, li.MsoHeading8, div.MsoHeading8 {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 8 Char"; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:12.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:1.0in; text-align:justify; text-indent:-1.0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:8; mso-list:l0 level8 lfo2; tab-stops:list 1.0in left 225.0pt list 4.0in; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; font-style:italic; mso-bidi-font-style:normal;} p.MsoHeading9, li.MsoHeading9, div.MsoHeading9 {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 9 Char"; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:12.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:1.1in; text-align:justify; text-indent:-1.1in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:9; mso-list:l0 level9 lfo2; tab-stops:list 1.1in left 225.0pt list 4.5in; font-size:9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:normal; font-style:italic; mso-bidi-font-style:normal;} p.MsoToc1, li.MsoToc1, div.MsoToc1 {mso-style-update:auto; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoToc2, li.MsoToc2, div.MsoToc2 {mso-style-update:auto; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.25in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoToc3, li.MsoToc3, div.MsoToc3 {mso-style-update:auto; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoToc4, li.MsoToc4, div.MsoToc4 {mso-style-update:auto; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.75in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoToc5, li.MsoToc5, div.MsoToc5 {mso-style-update:auto; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:1.0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoToc6, li.MsoToc6, div.MsoToc6 {mso-style-update:auto; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:1.25in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoToc7, li.MsoToc7, div.MsoToc7 {mso-style-update:auto; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:1.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoToc8, li.MsoToc8, div.MsoToc8 {mso-style-update:auto; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:1.75in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoToc9, li.MsoToc9, div.MsoToc9 {mso-style-update:auto; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:2.0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoTitle, li.MsoTitle, div.MsoTitle {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Title Char"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan lines-together; tab-stops:225.0pt; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-unhide:no; color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-unhide:no; color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-link:"Normal \(Web\) Char"; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:8.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.Normalaftermajorheading, li.Normalaftermajorheading, div.Normalaftermajorheading {mso-style-name:"Normal after major heading"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-line-height-alt:3.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} span.Heading1Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 1 Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 1"; mso-ansi-font-size:14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#365F91; mso-themecolor:accent1; mso-themeshade:191; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading2Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 2 Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 2"; mso-ansi-font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#4F81BD; mso-themecolor:accent1; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading3Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 3 Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 3"; mso-ansi-font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#4F81BD; mso-themecolor:accent1; font-weight:bold;} span.Heading4Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 4 Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 4"; mso-ansi-font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#4F81BD; mso-themecolor:accent1; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;} span.Heading5Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 5 Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 5"; mso-ansi-font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#243F60; mso-themecolor:accent1; mso-themeshade:127;} span.Heading6Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 6 Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 6"; mso-ansi-font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#243F60; mso-themecolor:accent1; mso-themeshade:127; font-style:italic;} span.NormalWebChar {mso-style-name:"Normal \(Web\) Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Normal \(Web\)"; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;} span.Heading7Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 7 Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 7"; mso-ansi-font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#404040; mso-themecolor:text1; mso-themetint:191; font-style:italic;} span.Heading8Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 8 Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 8"; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#404040; mso-themecolor:text1; mso-themetint:191;} span.Heading9Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 9 Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 9"; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#404040; mso-themecolor:text1; mso-themetint:191; font-style:italic;} span.TitleChar {mso-style-name:"Title Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:Title; mso-ansi-font-size:26.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:26.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#17365D; mso-themecolor:text2; mso-themeshade:191; letter-spacing:.25pt; mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;} span.PlainTextChar {mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Plain Text"; mso-ansi-font-size:10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; mso-ascii-font-family:Consolas; mso-hansi-font-family:Consolas; mso-bidi-font-family:Consolas;} span.BalloonTextChar {mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Balloon Text"; mso-ansi-font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;} p.Quotation, li.Quotation, div.Quotation {mso-style-name:Quotation; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:4.0pt; margin-right:.8in; margin-bottom:4.0pt; margin-left:.8in; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-line-height-alt:3.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.FigureTitle, li.FigureTitle, div.FigureTitle {mso-style-name:"Figure Title"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:4.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-line-height-alt:3.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"; font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;} p.Enumerate, li.Enumerate, div.Enumerate {mso-style-name:Enumerate; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:2.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:2.0pt; margin-left:.9in; text-align:justify; text-indent:-.3in; mso-line-height-alt:1.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; tab-stops:40.0pt; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.TableTitle, li.TableTitle, div.TableTitle {mso-style-name:"Table Title"; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:4.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-line-height-alt:3.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black; font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;} p.Author, li.Author, div.Author {mso-style-name:Author; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:8.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center; text-indent:.2in; mso-line-height-alt:1.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;} p.BelowSomething, li.BelowSomething, div.BelowSomething {mso-style-name:"Below Something"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-line-height-alt:3.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.TableEntry, li.TableEntry, div.TableEntry {mso-style-name:"Table Entry"; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; tab-stops:decimal 13.0pt left 225.0pt; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.SubEnumerate, li.SubEnumerate, div.SubEnumerate {mso-style-name:SubEnumerate; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-parent:Enumerate; margin-top:2.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:2.0pt; margin-left:1.4in; text-align:justify; text-indent:-.3in; mso-line-height-alt:1.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; tab-stops:63.0pt; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.SubSubEnumerate, li.SubSubEnumerate, div.SubSubEnumerate {mso-style-name:SubSubEnumerate; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-parent:SubEnumerate; margin-top:2.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:2.0pt; margin-left:1.8in; text-align:justify; text-indent:-27.0pt; mso-line-height-alt:1.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; tab-stops:1.25in; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.Formula, li.Formula, div.Formula {mso-style-name:Formula; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:3.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in; text-align:center; text-indent:.2in; mso-line-height-alt:3.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.ProgramExample, li.ProgramExample, div.ProgramExample {mso-style-name:ProgramExample; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.3in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; text-transform:uppercase;} p.TermFunSet, li.TermFunSet, div.TermFunSet {mso-style-name:"Term\/Fun Set"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:"Below Something"; margin-top:12.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:31.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:-32.0pt; mso-line-height-alt:3.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; tab-stops:27.0pt; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.Heading-Unnumbered-Ack-Bib, li.Heading-Unnumbered-Ack-Bib, div.Heading-Unnumbered-Ack-Bib {mso-style-name:Heading-Unnumbered-Ack-Bib; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-parent:"Heading 1"; mso-style-next:"Normal after major heading"; margin-top:8.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:4.0pt; margin-left:0in; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan lines-together; mso-outline-level:1; tab-stops:.75in 225.0pt; font-size:14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;} p.SubSubSub3Enumerate, li.SubSubSub3Enumerate, div.SubSubSub3Enumerate {mso-style-name:SubSubSub3Enumerate; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-parent:SubSubEnumerate; margin-top:2.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:2.0pt; margin-left:189.35pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:-27.35pt; mso-line-height-alt:1.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; tab-stops:1.25in; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.Citation, li.Citation, div.Citation {mso-style-name:Citation; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:27.0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:-27.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.Quotation-Sub, li.Quotation-Sub, div.Quotation-Sub {mso-style-name:Quotation-Sub; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-parent:Quotation; margin-top:4.0pt; margin-right:1.5in; margin-bottom:4.0pt; margin-left:1.5in; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-line-height-alt:3.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.Address, li.Address, div.Address {mso-style-name:Address; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} span.SpellE {mso-style-name:""; mso-spl-e:yes;} span.GramE {mso-style-name:""; mso-gram-e:yes;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page WordSection1 {size:11.0in 8.5in; mso-page-orientation:landscape; margin:1.25in 1.0in 1.25in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:1156728153; mso-list-template-ids:2028607906;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level3 {mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level4 {mso-level-tab-stop:2.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level5 {mso-level-tab-stop:2.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level6 {mso-level-tab-stop:3.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level7 {mso-level-tab-stop:3.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level8 {mso-level-tab-stop:4.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level9 {mso-level-tab-stop:4.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} table.MsoTableGrid {mso-style-name:"Table Grid"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-unhide:no; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:.4in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:.5in'> <div class=WordSection1> <p class=MsoTitle><span style='font-size:36.0pt'>CALL FOR ENTRIES FOR 2007 HUMIES<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoTitle><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=MsoTitle>$10,000 in PRIZES AT</p> <p class=MsoTitle>THE 4<sup>th</sup> ANNUAL (2007)  HUMIES AWARDS</p> <p class=MsoTitle>FOR HUMAN-COMPETITIVE RESULTS</p> <p class=MsoTitle>PRODUCED BY GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION</p> <p class=MsoTitle>HELD AT THE</p> <p class=MsoTitle>GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE (GECCO)</p> <p class=MsoTitle><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=MsoTitle><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><img width=615 height=421 id="_x0000_i1029" src="http://www.genetic-programming.org/hc2005/hclogomf.jpg" alt="Description: Description: Description: Description: Description: http://www.genetic-programming.org/hc2005/hclogomf.jpg"></span></p> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:0in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </span></div> <p>Last updated October 22, 2011</p> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:0in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </span></div> <h1 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in;mso-list:none;tab-stops:.75in'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>CALL FOR ENTRIES FOR 2007 AWARDS <o:p></o:p></span></h1> <!-- THE 2007  HUMIES AWARDS $10,000 IN PRIZES --> <p>Techniques of genetic and evolutionary computation are being increasingly applied to difficult real-world problems often yielding results that are not merely interesting, but competitive with the work of creative and inventive humans. </p> <p>Entries are now being solicited for awards totaling $10,000 for 2007 awards for human-competitive results that have been produced by any form of genetic and evolutionary computation (including, but not limited to genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolution strategies, evolutionary programming, learning cla<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ifier systems, grammatical evolution, gene expre<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ion programming, differential evolution, etc.) and that have been published in the open literature between June 20, 2006 (the deadline for the previous competition) and the deadline for 2007 entries, namely <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'>Monday May 28, 2007</b>. The competition will be held as part of the <b><a href="http://www.sigevo.org/gecco-2007/">2007 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (GECCO) conference</a>.</b><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> </span>This prize competition is based on <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>published</b> results. The publication may be a paper at the GECCO-2007 conference (i.e., regular paper, poster paper, or late-brea<st1:PersonName w:st="on">king</st1:PersonName> paper), a paper published anywhere in the open literature (e.g., another conference, journal,<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>technical report, thesis, book, book chapter), or a paper in final form that has been unconditionally accepted by a publication and is  in pre<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName> (that is, the entry must be identical to something that will be published imminently not an intermediate or draft version that may be changed). The publication must meet the usual standards of a scientific publication. In particular, the publication must clearly describe a problem, the methods used, and the results obtained and must contain sufficient information to enable the work described to be replicated by an independent person. </p> <p>An automatically created result is considered  human-competitive if it satisfies at least one of the eight criteria below. </p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>(A) The result was patented as an invention in the past, is an improvement over a patented invention, or would qualify today as a patentable new invention. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>(B) The result is equal to or better than a result that was accepted as a new scientific result at the time when it was published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>(C) The result is equal to or better than a result that was placed into a database or archive of results maintained by an internationally recognized panel of scientific experts. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>(D) The result is publishable in its own right as a new scientific result </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>¾ </span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>independent</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> of the fact that the result was mechanically created. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>(E) The result is equal to or better than the most recent human-created solution to a long-standing problem for which there has been a succe<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ion of increasingly better human-created solutions. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>(F) The result is equal to or better than a result that was considered an achievement in its field at the time it was first discovered. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>(G) The result solves a problem of indisputable difficulty in its field. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>(H) The result holds its own or wins a regulated competition involving human contestants (in the form of either live human players or human-written computer programs).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>Contestants should note that a pervasive thread in most of the above eight criteria is the notion that the result meet an  <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'>arms length</b> standard not a yardstick based on the opinion of the author, the author <span style='mso-bidi-font-family:Times'>s own institution, or the author s close a<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ociates.  Arms length may be established in numerous ways. For example, if the result is a solution to  </span>a long-standing problem for which there has been a succe<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ion of increasingly better human-created solutions, it is clear that the scientific community (not the author, the author <span style='mso-bidi-font-family:Times'>s own institution, or the author s close a<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ociates) have vetted the significance of the problem. Similarly, a problem s significance may be established if the result replicates or improves upon a </span>scientific result published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, <span style='mso-bidi-font-family: Times'>replicates or improves upon a patented invention, or replicates or improves </span>a result that was considered an achievement in its field at the time it was first discovered. Similarly, <span style='mso-bidi-font-family: Times'>, a problem s significance may be established if the </span>result holds its own or wins a regulated competition involving live human players or human-written computer programs. In the absence of a clear  arms length standards, contestants relying only on criterion G ( The result solves a problem of indisputable difficulty in its field ) must <st1:PersonName w:st="on">mak</st1:PersonName>e a clear and convincing case that the  difficulty is  indisputable. </p> <p>Presentations of entries will be made at the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2007). The awards and prizes will be announced and presented during the GECCO conference. The judging committee is in formation and will include </p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>·</span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> Wolfgang Banzhaf<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>·</span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> Erik <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Goodman</st1:PersonName><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>·</span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> Riccardo Poli<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>·</span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> John R. Koza<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>·</span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> Darrell Whitley<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>Cash prizes of $5,000 (gold), $3,000 (silver), and bronze (either one prize of $2,000 or two prizes of $1,000) will be awarded for the best entries that satisfy the criteria for human-competitivene<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>. The awards will be divided equally among co-authors unle<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName> the authors specify a different division at the time of submi<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ion. </p> <h1 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops: .75in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS FOR ENTERING THE 2007  HUMIES </span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h1> <p>The deadline for 2007 entries is <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Monday May 28, 2007</b>.</p> <p>All entries are to be sent electronically to <span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>koza@stanford.edu</span>. <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p>An entry consists of<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>one <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>TEXT </b>file and one or more <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>PDF</b> files. </p> <p>The TEXT file must contain the following <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'><u>nine</u> </b>items. Please be very careful to include all required information. Contestants are alerted to the fact that <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'>items 6 and 9 are especially important</b> and will be the main basis by which entries will be judged. </p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(1) the complete title of one (or more) paper(s) published in the open literature describing the work that the author claims describes a human-competitive result, <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(2) the name, complete physical mailing addre<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>, e-mail addre<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>, and phone number of EACH author of EACH paper, <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(3) the name of the corresponding author (i.e., the author to whom notices will be sent concerning the competition),<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(4) the abstract of the paper(s),<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(5) a list containing one or more of the eight letters (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, or H) that correspond to the criteria (see above) that the author claims that the work satisfies,<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(6) a statement stating why the result satisfies the criteria that the contestant claims (see the examples below as a guide to aid in constructing this part of the submi<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ion), <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(7) a full citation of the paper (that is, author names; publication date; name of journal, conference, technical report, thesis, book, or book chapter; name of editors, if applicable, of the journal or edited book; publisher name; publisher city; page numbers, if applicable);<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(8) a statement either that  any prize money, if any, is to be divided equally among the co-authors OR a specific percentage breakdown as to how the prize money, if any, is to be divided among the co-authors; and<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=Enumerate><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(9) a statement stating why the judges should consider the entry as  best in comparison to other entries that may also be  human-competitive. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>The PDF file(s) are to contain the paper(s). The <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'>preferred</b> method is that you send a separate PDF file for each of your paper(s) relating to your entry. Both the text file and the PDF file(s) for each entry will be permanently posted on a web page shortly after the deadline date for entries (for use by the judges and anyone interested) and will remain posted on the web as a permanent record of the competition. If your paper is available on your publisher s web site <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>and</b> your publisher specifically requires that your published paper may only appear only on your own personal page, the second choice is that you send link(s) to a <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>separate</b> web page on your web site containing link(s) to the PDF file(s) of the paper(s) that constitute your entry. This separate web page is to contain<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>nothing else, so the interested parties may quickly locate your paper(<span style='mso-bidi-font-family:Times'>s)</span>. If you use this second-choice option, you must also supply a link to a permanent web site maintained by your publisher where your specific paper may be viewed or purchased (that is, <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>not</i> a link merely to the publisher <span style='mso-bidi-font-family:Times'>s home page, but a link to your specific paper on the publisher s site).</span></p> <p>The judging committee <span class=GramE>will<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>review</span> all entries and identify a short list approximately 8 10<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>finalists for presentation at the <b><a href="http://www.sigevo.org/gecco-2007/">2007 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (GECCO) conference</a> </b>to be held in <st1:City w:st="on">London</st1:City> on July 7 11, 2007<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>(Saturday Wednesday) in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">London</st1:City></st1:place>. Finalists will be notified by <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Monday June 25, 2007</b> by an e-mail to the corresponding author. Finalists must then <st1:PersonName w:st="on">mak</st1:PersonName>e a short presentation to the judging committee at the GECCO conference. The presentations are scheduled for <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Monday July 9, 2007</b> at the GECCO conference.</p> <p>At the GECCO conference, there will be 12-minute oral presentations by the finalists to the judging committee. The presentations will be open to all conference attendees at a special se<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ion (2 hours). The oral presentation should <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>primarily</b> focus on (1) why the result qualifies as being human-competitive and (2) why the judges should consider the entry as  best in comparison to other entries that may also be  human-competitive since these are the two main standards by which entries will be judged by the judges.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In this short presentation to the judges, a description of the work itself should be decidedly secondary. In other words, the focus is on why the work being presented should win a prize not an explanation or presentation of the work itself. The <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>entires</span></span><span class=GramE><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>will</span> be presented in the order that they appear in the table. In the unlikely event that a presenter is already scheduled to <st1:PersonName w:st="on">mak</st1:PersonName>e a presentation elsewhere in the GECCO conference at the same time, please notify the judging committee immediately, so we can arrange an exchange of time slots. </p> <p>The presenting author for each entry must register for the GECCO conference. After the oral presentations, the award committee will meet and consider the presentations. The awards are will announced at the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'>Wednesday July 11, 2007</b>, morning plenary se<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ion at the GECCO conference. Finalists must submit a presentation in the form of a PowerPoint file or a PDF file by <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Wednesday July 4, 2007</b> by e-mail to <span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>koza@stanford.edu</span>. These presentations will be added to the web page for the competition so that the judging committee (and anyone else interested) may preview the presentations. </p> <p>Authors generally enter their own work; however, a person may <st1:PersonName w:st="on">mak</st1:PersonName>e an entry on behalf of someone else; however, the entry must be complete in every respect and the entry must be made with the consent of the actual authors (one of whom must be willing to <st1:PersonName w:st="on">mak</st1:PersonName>e a presentation of their work). </p> <p>No prize may be awarded to anyone a<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ociated with any member of the judging committee (e.g., academic advisor, collaborator, co-author of the work involved) or the company donating the prize funds (i.e., Third Millennium On-Line Products Inc.). </p> <p><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>IMPORTANT DATES:<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>May 28, 2007 (Monday)</b>  Entries (consisting of one TEXT file and one or more PDF files) are due by e-mail. </p> <p><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>June 25, 2007 (Monday)</b>  Finalists will be notified by e-mail </p> <p><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>July 4, 2007 (Wednesday)</b>  Finalists must submit their presentation to (e.g., PowerPoint, PDF) for posting on competition web site.</p> <p><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>July 9 (Monday) </b><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span> Date for presentations before judging committee at public se<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ion at GECCO conference in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">London</st1:City></st1:place></p> <p><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>July 11 (Wednesday)</b>  Announcement of awards at morning plenary se<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ion of GECCO conference in London. </p> <h1 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops: .75in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>EXAMPLE OF A  STATEMENT USING CRITERIA A &amp; F<o:p></o:p></span></h1> <p>This is an illustrative<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>example of a  statement as to which an entry in the competition should be considered to be  human-competitive. </p> <p>Harry Jones of The Brown Instrument Company of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Philadelphia</st1:City></st1:place> patented the PID-D2 controller topology in 1942. The PID topology was a significant invention in the field of control engineering and is in industrial use today. The PID-D2 controller was an improvement over the PID controller patented in 1939 by <span class=SpellE>Callender</span> and Stevenson. Because the genetically evolved controller<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>has proportional, integrative, derivative, and second derivative blocks, it infringes the 1942 Jones patent. Referring to the eight criteria for establishing that an automatically created result is competitive with a human-produced result, the rediscovery by genetic programming of the PID-D2 controller satisfies the following two of the eight criteria:<span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>(A) The result was patented as an invention in the past, is an improvement over a patented invention, or would qualify today as a patentable new invention.<span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>(F) The result is equal to or better than a result that was considered an achievement in its field at the time it was first discovered.<span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>The rediscovery by genetic programming of the PID-D2 controller came about six decades after Jones received a patent for his invention. Nonethele<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>, the fact that the original human-designed version satisfied the Patent Office s criteria for patent-worthine<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName> means that the genetically evolved duplicate would also have satisfied the Patent Office s criteria for patent-worthine<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName> (if only it had arrived earlier than Jones patent application).<span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h1 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops: .75in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ADDITIONAL EXAMPLE OF A  STATEMENT USING CRITERIA B, D, E, F &amp; G</span><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h1> <p>This is another illustrative example of a  statement as to which an entry in the competition should be considered to be  human-competitive. </p> <p>The 1942 Ziegler-Nichols tuning rules for PID controllers were a significant development in the field of control engineering. These rules have been in widespread use since they were invented. The 1995 <span class=SpellE>Åström-Hägglund</span> tuning rules were another significant development. They outperform the 1942 Ziegler-Nichols tuning rules on the industrially representative plants used by <span class=SpellE>Åström</span> and <span class=SpellE>Hägglund</span>. <span class=SpellE>Åström</span> and <span class=SpellE>Hägglund</span> developed their improved tuning rules by applying mathematical analysis, shrewdly chosen approximations, and considerable creative flair. The genetically evolved PID tuning rules are an improvement over the 1995 <span class=SpellE>Åström-Hägglund</span> tuning rules. Referring to the eight criteria for establishing that an automatically created result is competitive with a human-produced result, the creation by genetic programming of improved tuning rules for PID controllers satisfies the following five of the eight criteria:<span style='font-size:18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>(B) The result is equal to or better than a result that was accepted as a new scientific result at the time when it was published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.<span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>(D) The result is publishable in its own right as a new scientific result independent of the fact that the result was mechanically created.<span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>(E) The result is equal to or better than the most recent human-created solution to a long-standing problem for which there has been a succe<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>ion of increasingly better human-created solutions.<span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>(F) The result is equal to or better than a result that was considered an achievement in its field at the time it was first discovered.<span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>(G) The result solves a problem of indisputable difficulty in its field. <span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h1 style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops: .75in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>EXAMPLE OF SOMETHING THAT MAY BE  DIFFICULT, BUT NOT  HUMAN-COMPETITIVE </span><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h1> <p>Although the solution produced by genetic and evolutionary computation for this problem is, in fact, better than a human-produced solution, that fact alone does not qualify the result as  human-competitive under the eight criteria for human-competitivene<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>. For example, the fact that a problem appears in a college textbook is not alone sufficient to establish the problem s difficulty or importance or  human-competitivene<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ss</st1:PersonName>. A result is  human-competitive if it satisfies one or more of the 8 criteria listed above. A textbook problem might, or might not, satisfy one or more of the eight criteria. </p> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:0in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </span></div> <p><b><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·</span> </b><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>For information about t</span>he annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) operated by the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'><a href="http://www.sigevo.org/">Association for Computing Special Interest Group on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (SIGEVO)</a></b></p> <p><b><span style='font-family:Symbol'>· </span></b>For information about the annual <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><a href="http://www.human-competitive.org/">Human-Competitive Awards (the  <span class=SpellE>humies</span> )</a> </b>in genetic and evolutionary computation offered at the annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO)</p> <p><b><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·</span> </b><span class=GramE>The</span> home page of Genetic Programming Inc. at <a href="http://www.genetic-programming.com/"><b>www.genetic-programming.com</b></a>. </p> <p><b><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·</span> </b>The home page of<b> </b><a href="http://www.johnkoza.com/"><b>John R. Koza</b></a> (including online versions of most published papers)</p> <p><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>·</span></span> For information about John <span class=SpellE>Koza s</span> <b><a href="http://www.genetic-programming.com/coursemainpage.html">course on genetic algorithms and genetic programming at Stanford University</a><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>·</span></span> For information about <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><a href="http://www.nationalpopularvote.com/">Electoral College</a></b> reform and <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><a href="http://www.nationalpopularvote.com/">National Popular Vote</a></b> <b><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p><b><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·</span> </b>Information about the 1992 book <b><i><a href="http://www.genetic-programming.org/gpbook1toc.html">Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection</a></i></b>, the 1994 book <a href="http://www.genetic-programming.org/gpbook2toc.html"><b><i>Genetic Programming II: Automatic Discovery of Reusable Programs</i></b></a>, the 1999 book <a href="http://www.genetic-programming.org/gpbook3toc.html"><b><i>Genetic Programming III: Darwinian Invention and Problem Solving</i></b></a>, and the 2003 book <b><i><a href="http://www.genetic-programming.org/gpbook4toc.html">Genetic Programming IV<span style='font-style:normal'>: </span>Routine Human-Competitive Machine Intelligence</a></i></b>. Click here to read <b><a href="http://www.genetic-programming.org/gp4chapter1.pdf">chapter 1 of <i>Genetic Programming IV</i> book in PDF format.<span style='font-weight:normal'> </span></a></b><span class=MsoHyperlink><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><b><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·</span> <a href="http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Ai/genetic.programming.html">5,000+ published papers on genetic programming </a></b>in a searchable bibliography (with many on-line versions of papers) by over 880 authors maintained by William Langdon s and Steven M. Gustafson. <span style='font-family:"Times","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><b><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·</span> </b>For information on the <b><a href="http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/1389-2576">Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines journal</a> </b></p> <p><b><span style='font-family:Symbol'>·</span> </b><span class=GramE>For</span> information on the Genetic Programming book series, see the <b><a href="http://www.genetic-programming.org/gpkluwer.html">Call For Book Proposals<span style='font-weight:normal'> </span></a></b></p> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:0in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </span></div> </div> </body> </html>